Selling
The home selling process, step by step
The home selling process runs in the same order every time, and knowing that order is most of what separates a calm sale from a stressful one. Below is the whole sequence, from the first time you wonder what your house is worth to the day the money hits your account. Each step links to the page that covers that stage in detail.
Ten steps from first thought to closing table
Find out what it is worth
Start with a real number, not a guess. An agent pulls closed sales from your own subdivision and adjusts for what makes your house different. Automated estimates cannot see your roof, your view or your renovation.
Get your home valueWork out what you would keep
Price is not proceeds. Subtract the mortgage payoff, commission, documentary stamps, title charges and any credits you end up giving, and you get the number that actually decides whether selling makes sense.
Estimate your net proceedsDecide that selling is the right move
Renting it out, refinancing and selling are three different answers to the same problem. Each has a tax consequence, and the one most people miss is that moving out for too long can cost you the capital gains exclusion.
Compare your optionsChoose a listing agent
Interview more than one. Ask what they will do rather than what they charge, because commission is negotiable and is not set by law, any MLS or any association. The plan is the part that varies. If you would rather sell by owner, every step on this page still happens; you take each one on yourself, and a flat fee MLS listing can cover the exposure.
How to choose a listing agentPrepare the house
Repairs, decluttering, paint and staging happen before the photographer arrives, not after. This is also when you gather permits, HOA documents and anything you will have to disclose later anyway.
Preparing to sellSet the asking price
Buyers compare your house against everything else they can see that week. Price above that set and you buy yourself weeks of silence, then negotiate from a weaker position than if you had started right.
How to price a homeList and market it
Photography, the MLS entry, syndication, the launch window and the follow up all happen on a schedule. Most of the buyer attention a listing will ever get arrives in its first fortnight.
See our marketing planShow it, then read the offers
An offer is more than its price. Financing type, deposit size, inspection period, closing date and who pays which fee can easily be worth more than the few thousand dollars between two headline numbers.
How to review offersGet through inspection and appraisal
This is where sales actually fall apart. The buyer inspects, the lender appraises, and either one can reopen the negotiation. Knowing which findings are worth conceding keeps the contract alive.
Inspection negotiationClose and get paid
Title clears the liens, the closing agent prepares the settlement statement, you sign, and the wire goes out. Read the figures the day before rather than at the table, when changing anything is hard.
The seller closing processWork out your numbers
What is my home worth?
A valuation built from closed sales in your own community, with the comparables named.
Estimate your net proceeds
Work the commission, documentary stamps and closing costs against your own number.
Current market reports
Prices, days on market and inventory for the counties we cover, updated monthly.
How we list a home
What we do between the listing agreement and the closing table, phase by phase.
How long the home selling process takes in South Florida
There is no single answer, and anyone who gives you one without asking about your house is guessing. The honest version splits the timeline into two halves that behave very differently. The first half is how long it takes to get a contract, which depends almost entirely on price and condition. The second half is how long it takes to get from contract to closing, which depends mostly on how the buyer is paying.
A cash buyer can close in a couple of weeks once title is clear. A financed buyer moves at the speed of underwriting, and a condominium adds an association approval step on top of that. So two identical houses under contract on the same day can close three weeks apart purely because of the buyer.
The part you control is the first half. Days on market is a price signal more than anything else, and it compounds: a listing that sits gets fewer showings, then attracts lower offers, because buyers read time on market as a reason to wait. Our city pages publish the measured days on market for each market we cover, so you can see what normal looks like where you actually live rather than a statewide average.
Season matters too, and not in the direction most people assume. The quietest listing months in the Palm Beach County markets we measured were not the fastest ones. Listings that came to market in late winter and spring sold materially faster than listings launched at the end of summer.
What it costs to sell, and where the money goes
Four things come out of the sale price before you see any of it. Your mortgage payoff is usually the largest and the least negotiable. Commission is next, and it is negotiated between you and the brokerage you hire rather than fixed anywhere. Then there is the documentary stamp tax on the deed, which Florida charges under Fla. Stat. 201.02 per hundred dollars of the sale price, with Miami-Dade running its own schedule. Finally there are the title and closing charges.
Who pays for title insurance in Florida is customary rather than statutory, and the custom changes from county to county. Because it is customary, it is also negotiable, and it does move in a competitive market. That single line item is one of the more common places where a buyer and a seller quietly trade value without either of them changing the price.
Then there are the costs that are not on anybody's standard list. Repairs agreed after the inspection. A closing cost credit offered to hold a deal together. An HOA estoppel fee. A survey. Utility prorations. None of these is large on its own, and together they routinely move the final number by more than people expect.
This is why step two is a calculator rather than a conversation. Put your own payoff and your own price into it and the answer is specific to you. A general percentage is not.
What Florida requires you to tell a buyer
Florida sellers have a disclosure duty that comes from a court decision rather than a form. In Johnson v. Davis, 480 So. 2d 625 (Fla. 1985), the Florida Supreme Court held that a seller must disclose facts materially affecting the value of the property which are not readily observable to the buyer. That duty applies whether or not you fill in a disclosure form, and selling a house as is does not remove it.
In practice this means the things you already know about. A roof leak that was patched rather than fixed. Work done without a permit. Repeated flooding. A pending special assessment. A boundary dispute with a neighbour. Disclosing these costs you far less than having a buyer discover one after closing.
Condominium sellers have more to hand over than house sellers do. Florida requires structural milestone inspections for certain buildings under Fla. Stat. 553.899, and structural integrity reserve studies under Fla. Stat. 718.112, and buyers and their lenders now ask for both as a matter of routine. If your association has completed either, the documents are part of the sale, and if it has not, that itself is information a buyer will want.
Homeowner associations governed by Chapter 720 and condominium associations governed by Chapter 718 are not the same thing and do not carry the same obligations. Knowing which one you are in tells you which documents you are responsible for producing.
The two tax questions that decide more sales than price does
The first is capital gains. Under IRC 121, a seller who has owned and lived in the home as a principal residence for two of the last five years can exclude a substantial amount of gain. The five year window is the part that catches people out, because it keeps running after you move. Rent the house out for too long and the exclusion quietly expires, which puts a deadline on a decision most people do not realise is timed at all.
The second is what happens to property tax. Florida homes are reassessed when they sell, so the buyer's tax bill is frequently nothing like yours. If you have owned for years under the assessment cap, your current tax figure is not a useful number to quote to a buyer, and a buyer who budgets from it will get a surprise. Good listing agents handle this before it becomes a renegotiation.
If you are inheriting rather than simply selling, the stepped up basis rules under IRC 1014 usually change the arithmetic completely, often to the seller's benefit. That situation has its own page, because probate adds steps this one does not cover.
None of the above is tax advice, and your accountant is the person who should confirm it against your actual return. It is here because these two questions change the answer often enough that not raising them would be the bigger omission.
Where sales actually fall apart
Very few sales die over the price in the contract. They die at inspection, at appraisal, or at the lender. The inspection produces a list, the buyer asks for some of it, and the negotiation reopens from a position where both sides have already spent money and time. The sellers who do best here decided in advance which findings they would concede and which they would not.
Appraisal is the other common failure point, and it is the one you have the least control over. If the appraisal comes in below the contract price, the lender lends against the lower figure and somebody has to cover the gap. Whether that is you, the buyer, or a renegotiated price depends on what the contract already says.
Financing falls through for reasons that have nothing to do with your house. A buyer changes jobs, opens a credit line, or turns out to have an issue underwriting only finds late. This is why the strength of a buyer matters when you compare offers, and why a slightly lower offer from a better qualified buyer is often the better deal.
Condominium sales have one extra way to stall. Lender approval of the building is separate from approval of the buyer, and a building that is not warrantable narrows the pool of buyers who can finance a purchase there at all.
Common Questions
Questions sellers ask
What is the first step in the home selling process?
Finding out what the house is realistically worth, from closed sales in your own community rather than an automated estimate. Every decision after that one depends on the number, so getting it wrong at the start costs you at every later stage.
How long does it take to sell a house in South Florida?
It depends on price, condition and how the buyer pays. The time to get a contract is driven mostly by pricing, and the time from contract to closing is driven mostly by financing. A cash purchase can close in a couple of weeks once title is clear; a financed one moves at underwriting speed, and a condominium adds association approval.
What does it cost to sell a house in Florida?
Mortgage payoff, negotiated commission, documentary stamp tax on the deed under Fla. Stat. 201.02, and title and closing charges, plus whatever you agree to after the inspection. Because the payoff is usually the biggest item and it is personal to you, a percentage rule of thumb is close to useless. Use the net proceeds calculator with your own figures.
Do I have to disclose problems if I sell as is?
Yes. Selling as is limits what you agree to repair; it does not remove the disclosure duty. Under Johnson v. Davis, a Florida seller must disclose facts materially affecting value that are not readily observable to the buyer.
Should I make repairs before listing?
Some, not all. Repairs that affect how the house photographs or how it inspects are usually worth doing. Large projects rarely return what they cost on a sale. The useful test is whether a buyer would notice the problem in the first five minutes.
What happens if the appraisal comes in low?
The lender lends against the appraised value rather than the contract price, so somebody covers the difference. Depending on what the contract says, that means the buyer brings more cash, you reduce the price, the two of you split it, or the contract is cancelled.
Is the commission set by law?
No. Commission is negotiable and is not set by law, by any MLS or by any association. Since the 2024 NAR settlement changes, compensation to a buyer's agent is negotiated separately and buyers sign a written agreement with their own agent before touring.
Can I sell a house that still has a mortgage on it?
Yes, and most sales are exactly that. The closing agent orders a payoff figure from your lender and pays it from the sale proceeds at closing. You receive what is left after the payoff and the other closing charges.
Do I pay capital gains tax when I sell my house?
Often not, if it has been your principal residence for two of the last five years, because of the exclusion under IRC 121. The window keeps running after you move out, so renting the property for an extended period can end the exclusion. Confirm your own position with your accountant.
What is the difference between a listing agent and a buyer's agent?
A listing agent represents you, the seller, and owes you their duties. A buyer's agent represents the person buying. One agent can occasionally work with both sides under Florida's transaction broker rules, which changes what each side is owed, and that is worth understanding before you agree to it.
Want the version that applies to your house?
The steps are the same everywhere. The numbers are not. Tell us the address and we will price it from closed sales in your own community, show you what you would net, and tell you plainly if selling is not the right move right now.
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